This participle is very much like an adjective. Dalyvis is derived from a verb, say, dirbti (to work), and can mean various things like 'one that is working' (dirbantis) or 'one that was worked' (dirbtas). For example: dirbantis vyras (a working man); dirbtas darbas (a worked job). Note that dalyvis acts as an adjective. As an adjective, it has genders, numbers and cases. But since dalyvis is made out of verbs, it also has all the four tenses.

So basically dalyvis is a quality relating to a certain action.

Just like English verbs, dalyvis has two voices - active and passive (veikiamoji and neveikiamoji rūšis).

Active voice

Dalyvis of the active voice has all four tenses, which you are going to see in tables below.

Present tense active voice dalyvis is made by taking the second main form of a verb and adding an ending. For example: eina (he goes) becomes einąs/einantis (he who goes). Einantis vyras: a man that goes; a going man. Dalyvis formed of the second conjugation verbs requires these endings: įs, intis (for example, žiūrįs is formed out of žiūrėti (to watch) which is a verb of the second conjugation).

Present tense

Sunkiai einantis katinas. A hardly walking (going) cat.
Ten eina žmogus, žiūrintis į mus. There goes a man, looking (watching) at us.
Atneškite man tą greitai einantį katiną. Bring me that quickly walking (going) cat.
Daviau žiūrintiems vaikams saldainių. I gave some sweets to the looking (watching) children.

Past tense active voice dalyvis is formed using the third main form of a verb and adding an ending to it. For example: ėjo (he went) becomes ėjęs, ėjusi, ėjusio, etc. Ėjęs vyras: a man that went. Ėjusi moteris: a woman that went. However if the verb is of the third conjugation, then it is slightly different: prašė (he asked) becomes prašęs, prašiusi, prašiusio, etc.

Past frequentative tense active voice dalyvis is formed using the infinitive without ti and adding dav and an ending to it. For example: eiti (to go) becomes eidavęs, eidavusi, eidavusio, etc. Eidavusi mergaitė: a girl that used to go.

Past and past frequentative tenses

Atsiprašau, šeimininkas jau išėjęs. I'm sorry, the master has already gone out.
Mes ieškome vakar čia ėjusios moters. We are looking for a woman that went here yesterday.
Čia gyvena senis, jaunystėje eidavęs meškerioti. Here lives an old man who used to go fishing in his youth.

Future tense active voice dalyvis is formed by using the infinitive without ti and adding s and an ending to it. For example: eiti becomes eisiąs, eisiantis, eisianti, etc.

Future tense

Užsiprenumeravau laikraštį, eisiantį du kartus per mėnesį. I subscribed a newspaper that will go (be released) two times per month.
Štai cirkininkas, eisiantis viena koja. Here's a circusman who will walk (go) on one foot.

Passive voice

Passive voice indicates that the action of dalyvis is done by someone else and not by the subject. For example, žiūrimas filmas (passive voice) means a film that is watched, whereas žiūrintis filmas (active voice) would mean a film that watches.

You can only make passive voice dalyvis out of those verbs that use the accusative case. For example, žiūrėti filmą (to watch a film), dirbti darbą (to work a job), gerti arbatą (to drink tea), žaisti futbolą (to play football). All of these verbs are taking the accusative case.

When learning the following participles, notice the similarity of their endings to those of adjectives. They are completely like adjectives of the first declension!

Present tense passive voice dalyvis is made by taking the second main form of a verb and adding an ending. For example: dirba (he works) becomes dirbamas (one that is being worked). Dirbamas darbas: a job that is being worked; a worked job. Dalyvis formed of the second conjugation verbs requires these endings: imas, imo, etc (for example, žiūrimas is formed out of žiūrėti (to watch) which is a verb of the second conjugation).

Present tense

Man patinka tavo dirbamas darbas. I like your worked job. I like the job that you work.
Šitame visų žiūrimame filme aš nieko gera nemačiau. In this film that everyone watches I didn't see anything good.

Past tense passive voice dalyvis is formed using the infinitive without ti and adding an ending to it. For example: žiūrėti (to watch) becomes žiūrėtas, žiūrėta, žiūrėto, etc. Žiūrėtas filmas: a film that was watched. Žiūrėta drama: a drama that was watched.

There is no past frequentative tense in the passive voice.

Past tense

Anksčiau tai buvo visų žiūrėtas filmas. Earlier it was a film that everyone watched.

Future tense passive voice dalyvis is formed using the infinitive without ti and adding si and an ending to it. For example: būti (to be) becomes būsimas, būsima, etc. Būsimas prezidentas: a president that will be; the upcoming president. Būsima žmona: a wife that will be; the would-be wife.

Future tense

Vakar su savo būsima žmona apžiūrėjome savo būsimus namus. Yesterday with my would-be wife (wife that will be) we took a look at our would-be home (home that will be).

Participle of necessity

The participle of necessity is formed using the infinitive and adding an ending to it. For example: žiūrėti (to watch) becomes žiūrėtinas, žiūrėtina, etc. Žiūrėtinas filmas: a film that should be watched. Žiūrėtina komedija: a commedy that should be watched.

Man šis filmas patiko, todėl jis yra žiūrėtinas. I liked this film, therefore it is one that should be watched (it is a must-see film).

Pronominal dalyvis

Since dalyvis is very much like an adjective, so it can be pronominal (see pronominal adjectives again). Passive voice pronominal dalyvis has these endings of pronominal adjectives: -asis, -oji (žiūrimasis, žiūrimoji; žiūrėtasis, žiūrėtoji; žiūrėsimasis, žiūrėsimoji; žiūrėtinasis, žiūrėtinoji). Active voice pronominal dalyvis takes the other endings: -usis, -ioji, however -usis is changed by -ysis (žiūrintysis, žiūrinčioji; žiūrėjusysis, žiūrėjusioji; žiūrėdavusysis, žiūrėdavusioji; žiūrėsiantysis, žiūrėsiančioji).

In addition to the pronominal, dalyvis has the neuter gender (einama) and can be made into an adverb (einamai).

You may go back to see other participles.