Verbs

5 November 2014 by Pigmalijonas

Level: B2
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veiksmažodis

Lithuanian doesn't have the wide variety of tenses as, say, English or French. There are only 4 tenses (2 of them are past), some moods and a few participles. So one good news is that you probably won't get lost in the number of tenses as you would in English.

Lithuanian has three main verb forms. Using these three forms, you can make everything else: tenses, moods, participles, etc. So it's the most necessary to know those three main forms for every Lithuanian verb. When learning, try to memorize them all, instead of just the infinitive.

The three main forms are as follows: infinitive; present tense third person; past tense third person. For example: pykti, pyksta, pyko (to be angry, he/she is angry, he/she was angry). So when you learn, you'll have to learn all three 'girdėti, girdi, girdėjo' (to hear, he/she hears, he/she heard) by heart.

Alongside that, you'll have to recognize which conjugation a verb belongs to. The number of conjugations is three. Which conjugation a verb belongs to is determined by the second main form (present tense third person). This is a very important form, because depending on what the ending of that form is (either -a, -i or -o) you can easily recognize the conjugation. Let's illustrate it with the following table:

Conjugation Infinitive Present tense third person Past tense third person English
1 dirb-ti
pyk-ti
giedo-ti
dainuo-ti
šluo-ti
krės-ti
skųs-ti
dirb-a
pykst-a
gied-a
dainuoj-a
šluoj-a
kreč-ia
skundž-ia
dirb-o
pyk-o
giedoj-o
dainav-o
šlav-ė
krėt-ė
skund-ė
to work, works, worked
to be angry, is angry, was angry
to chant, chants, chanted
to sing, sings, sang
to sweep, sweeps, swept
to shake, shakes, shook
to peach, peaches, peached
2 stebė-ti
girdė-ti
steb-i
gird-i
stebėj-o
girdėj-o
to observe, observes, observed
to hear, hears, heard
3 rašy-ti
ieško-ti
raš-o
iešk-o
raš-ė
ieškoj-o
to write, writes, wrote
to seek, seeks, sought

I have made the endings of the present verbs bold, because, as said, they determine the conjugation of a certain verb. For example, dirbti belongs to conjugation 1, because its second form ends in a. The ending of stebėti second form is i (stebi), therefore the conjugation is 2. And finally, rašyti second form is rašo, thereby it is a verb of conjugation 3.

If you don't find yourself puzzled after all these paragraphs, you may move on to explore the three conjugations. As you saw in the table, every conjugation has different endings, so it is very important to recognize the conjugation number.

All in all, when you are learning new verbs, you should memorize their three main forms and the conjugation that the verb belongs to. You won't need anything else, because everything else comes from these.

Comments:

Dacul dd 30 November 2014 08:42
which forms in time.
  Frequent Past
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23 March 2018 16:11
when does one use "man" and when does one use "As" as subject in special Lithuanian verbs
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Mary Brinovec 11 April 2020 18:35
I am confused by the column titles that say “third person” in them.
I thought 1 was first person, 2 was second person and 3 was third person.
What am I confusing here?
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Marcel 24 May 2020 20:37
What does the prefix "pa-" in verbs mean in general?

There are verbs like pasakyti, pamatyti, pažiūrėti,...

So basically, what is the difference between "pasakyti" and "sakyti", "Parodyti" and "rodyti", and so on?
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